Stopped by a federal immigration officer? Here’s what you need to know.

Immigration enforcement has significantly changed under President Donald Trump’s administration, but your fundamental rights when confronted by officers have not, legal experts and advocates say.

As immigration enforcement has surged in American cities, clashes between immigration officers and civilians have intensified, at times turning violent and deadly.

Agents with the U.S. Border Patrol and Immigration and Customs Enforcement, which fall under the federal Department of Homeland Security, have approached and detained numerous people, some of whom are U.S. citizens. Some legal experts have claimed agents violated laws and constitutional rights.

The Department of Homeland Security and Border Patrol officials have defended officers’ actions, saying they target criminals or people they have reason to believe are in violation of immigration laws.

Here’s what you need to know about your rights.

If you’re stopped in public

If you are in a public place and stopped by federal agents, even if you are not a U.S. citizen, you are not obligated to answer any questions or identify yourself.

We Are CASA, an immigrant advocacy organization that also represents many in court, said it’s legal not to give your name to officers when requested in Maryland, but it may not be in other states.

Cori Alonso-Yoder, director of the Immigration Clinic at the University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law, said it is a person’s right to remain silent and walk away from federal officers if they do not have an arrest warrant, especially for U.S. citizens.

Officers also do not have the right to search a person or their belongings without a warrant, she said.

Under the law, a person has the right to decline a search or remain silent if stopped by a federal officer, Alonso-Yoder said, but she added that in reality, “it’s very difficult to just ignore somebody, especially somebody with the force of the law and who’s masked.”

If they knock on your door

Legal experts largely agree that federal agents are obligated to have a warrant signed by a judge to enter a home.

Oftentimes, immigration officers have “administrative warrants,” which are signed by officers from federal agencies. This gives the agents the authority to make arrests in public spaces, but not to search or enter someone’s home.

Immigration officials, however, have allowed ICE officers to forcibly enter homes without judicial warrants, the Associated Press reported.

Tricia McLaughlin, a former DHS assistant secretary under Trump, said in an emailed statement earlier this year that immigration officials have warrantless search authority. McLaughlin has since left the department, but representatives said her statements still stand.

This has been a national point of contention between legal experts and the Trump administration.

If an officer arrives at your door without a judicial warrant and you do not want them to enter, you do not have to open your door, according to the National Immigration Law Center. If they have one, you can ask an officer to show you the document through a window or to slip it under your door to review before letting officers enter.

If you’re pulled over in a vehicle

ICE and federal law enforcement cannot enforce traffic laws — that is the job of local and state police. But if a federal agent initiates a traffic stop, you must pull over your vehicle.

The American Civil Liberties Union recommends opening your window partially to talk with officers. There have been instances of federal agents reaching into windows and opening car doors or breaking windows to remove people from their vehicles.

Federal immigration officers are required to have reasonable suspicion that you are in the country illegally to pull you over. ICE agents have started to use license plate reader technology to collect vehicle information and determine a driver’s possible immigration status. This technology has been used in Maryland, federal court documents show.

In Maryland, hundreds of miles away from the United States international borders with Mexico and Canada, there is a higher bar to assume a person is illegally in the country, according to the ACLU.

If you are not a U.S. citizen, you can show any immigration papers you have on you, or you can choose your right to remain silent, the ACLU said. If you choose not to show immigration papers, officers could take you into custody until they verify your immigration status.

What is reasonable suspicion?

Federal officers, even without a warrant, may temporarily detain a person until they verify their immigration status using a standard called “reasonable suspicion.” This is a lower standard than probable cause, which officers must have to arrest or criminally charge a person.

Some advocates and lawyers have accused federal agents of using reasonable suspicion to racially profile people they detain.

Legal experts, including Thomas A. Saenz, president and general counsel for the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, have said that is unconstitutional.

“ICE has to follow the rules the same as every other law enforcement,” said Saenz. “Despite this administration somehow asserting that they are some kind of super police, that is not correct.”

McLaughlin, who recently served in the Trump administration, said in a January statement that “allegations that ICE engages in ‘racial profiling’ are disgusting, reckless and categorically FALSE.”

“A person’s immigration status makes them a target for enforcement, not their skin color, race or ethnicity,” she said. “Law enforcement uses ‘reasonable suspicion’ to make arrests, as allowed under the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.”

What’s your recourse if your rights have been violated?

Alonso-Yoder said documenting as much evidence as possible when approached by a federal agent is critically important to building a case.

She said people are entitled to file civil lawsuits against Homeland Security or Federal Tort Claims Act lawsuits to seek relief and damages, but both options only offer relatively small monetary damages if successful.

There are resources in Maryland for those seeking more information or help with legal action, including the Immigrant Legal Resource Center and ACLU Maryland.

The ILRC prints “red cards” for people to carry with them, that outline a person’s legal rights. Alonso-Yoder recommended that both citizens and non-citizens carry them.